A resolution acknowledging the reprehensible policy of the United States regarding the forced relocation of the Potawatomi people from their homeland east of the Mississippi River to Kansas and Oklahoma and the devastating hardships the Potawatomi people endured during the march west, known as the "Potawatomi Trail of Death".

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. (text: CR S1078)

Congressional Research Service

Official summary

Version 00 · Introduced in Senate · Feb 13, 2020

This resolution acknowledges the extreme hardship, violence, and maltreatment inflicted on the Potawatomi people by the United States through the forcible removal of the tribe from their homeland east of the Mississippi River.

The resolution also recognizes (1) the special legal and political relationship that Indian tribes have with the United States, and (2) the solemn covenant that the Potawatomi people share with the land.

Read the summary on Congress.gov

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People & committees

Who introduced it

Sen. Young, Todd [R-IN] · R–IN

Committees

Indian Affairs Committee

3 cosponsorship records, including any withdrawals

Legislative record

Actions

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Feb 13, 2020
Read twice and referred to the Committee on Indian Affairs. (text: CR S1078)
Feb 13, 2020
Introduced in Senate

Primary sources

Bill text & related measures

Text links open the official source. We currently store references to these documents.

Introduced in Senate · Feb 13, 2020 Formatted Text PDF Formatted XML

Related bills identified by Congress.gov

No related bills are listed in this snapshot. This does not establish whether the proposal has appeared in earlier Congresses.

Source last updated: Jun 20, 2025. Consult Congress.gov for the current record.

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Neutral evidence review

Objective

Analyze S.Res.499 as objectively as possible. Explain its main provisions, who would be affected, possible benefits and harms, implementation, exceptions, and uncertainties. Present the strongest arguments for and against it, and identify evidence needed to assess its public impact.

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Discuss S.Res.499, 116th Congress: A resolution acknowledging the reprehensible policy of the United States regarding the forced relocation of the Potawatomi people from their homeland east of the Mississippi River to Kansas and Oklahoma and the devastating hardships the Potawatomi people endured during the march west, known as the "Potawatomi Trail of Death".

Official record: https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-resolution/499

Text version to examine: Introduced in Senate · 2020-02-13.

Official full text: https://www.congress.gov/116/bills/sres499/BILLS-116sres499is.htm

Imported record last updated by the source: 2025-06-20T19:33:16Z. Verify current status and distinguish any later version from the version above.

Read the official text before answering. If you cannot access it, say so and ask me to provide it; do not assume a link means you have read the document. Distinguish proposals from enacted law, cite sources, and separate facts, interpretation, and uncertain predictions. Include counterarguments even when using a particular perspective.

Analyze S.Res.499 as objectively as possible. Explain its main provisions, who would be affected, possible benefits and harms, implementation, exceptions, and uncertainties. Present the strongest arguments for and against it, and identify evidence needed to assess its public impact.

Fairness and public impact

Progressive lens

Examine S.Res.499 through a progressive lens, focusing on fairness, access, economic inequality, and effects on vulnerable communities. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and distinguish stated goals from demonstrated outcomes.

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Discuss S.Res.499, 116th Congress: A resolution acknowledging the reprehensible policy of the United States regarding the forced relocation of the Potawatomi people from their homeland east of the Mississippi River to Kansas and Oklahoma and the devastating hardships the Potawatomi people endured during the march west, known as the "Potawatomi Trail of Death".

Official record: https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-resolution/499

Text version to examine: Introduced in Senate · 2020-02-13.

Official full text: https://www.congress.gov/116/bills/sres499/BILLS-116sres499is.htm

Imported record last updated by the source: 2025-06-20T19:33:16Z. Verify current status and distinguish any later version from the version above.

Read the official text before answering. If you cannot access it, say so and ask me to provide it; do not assume a link means you have read the document. Distinguish proposals from enacted law, cite sources, and separate facts, interpretation, and uncertain predictions. Include counterarguments even when using a particular perspective.

Examine S.Res.499 through a progressive lens, focusing on fairness, access, economic inequality, and effects on vulnerable communities. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and distinguish stated goals from demonstrated outcomes.

Institutions and government scope

Conservative lens

Examine S.Res.499 through a conservative lens, focusing on fiscal responsibility, institutional stability, federalism, and the scope of government. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and any provisions that challenge this perspective.

View full prompt & sources

Discuss S.Res.499, 116th Congress: A resolution acknowledging the reprehensible policy of the United States regarding the forced relocation of the Potawatomi people from their homeland east of the Mississippi River to Kansas and Oklahoma and the devastating hardships the Potawatomi people endured during the march west, known as the "Potawatomi Trail of Death".

Official record: https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-resolution/499

Text version to examine: Introduced in Senate · 2020-02-13.

Official full text: https://www.congress.gov/116/bills/sres499/BILLS-116sres499is.htm

Imported record last updated by the source: 2025-06-20T19:33:16Z. Verify current status and distinguish any later version from the version above.

Read the official text before answering. If you cannot access it, say so and ask me to provide it; do not assume a link means you have read the document. Distinguish proposals from enacted law, cite sources, and separate facts, interpretation, and uncertain predictions. Include counterarguments even when using a particular perspective.

Examine S.Res.499 through a conservative lens, focusing on fiscal responsibility, institutional stability, federalism, and the scope of government. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and any provisions that challenge this perspective.

Individual rights and government power

Liberty lens

Examine S.Res.499 through a civil-liberties and limited-government lens. Consider individual rights, privacy, voluntary choice, accountability, and government power. Explain tradeoffs, possible safeguards, and the strongest counterarguments without assuming the proposal is beneficial or harmful.

View full prompt & sources

Discuss S.Res.499, 116th Congress: A resolution acknowledging the reprehensible policy of the United States regarding the forced relocation of the Potawatomi people from their homeland east of the Mississippi River to Kansas and Oklahoma and the devastating hardships the Potawatomi people endured during the march west, known as the "Potawatomi Trail of Death".

Official record: https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-resolution/499

Text version to examine: Introduced in Senate · 2020-02-13.

Official full text: https://www.congress.gov/116/bills/sres499/BILLS-116sres499is.htm

Imported record last updated by the source: 2025-06-20T19:33:16Z. Verify current status and distinguish any later version from the version above.

Read the official text before answering. If you cannot access it, say so and ask me to provide it; do not assume a link means you have read the document. Distinguish proposals from enacted law, cite sources, and separate facts, interpretation, and uncertain predictions. Include counterarguments even when using a particular perspective.

Examine S.Res.499 through a civil-liberties and limited-government lens. Consider individual rights, privacy, voluntary choice, accountability, and government power. Explain tradeoffs, possible safeguards, and the strongest counterarguments without assuming the proposal is beneficial or harmful.