A resolution remembering the 1- year anniversary of the April 10, 2010, plane crash that claimed the lives of the President of Poland Lech Kaczynski, his wife, and 94 others, while they were en route to memorialize those Polish officers, officials, and civilians who were massacred by the Soviet Union in 1940.

Resolution agreed to in Senate without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent. (text: CR S2457-2458)

Congressional Research Service

Official summary

Version 82 · Passed Senate without amendment · Apr 13, 2011

(This measure has not been amended since it was introduced. The summary of that version is repeated here.)

Remembers the tragedy that took place on April 10, 2010, when an aircraft carrying a delegation of current and former Polish officials, family members, and others crashed en route from Warsaw to Smolensk to memorialize the 1940 Katyn massacres, killing all 96 passengers.

Honors the memories of all Poles executed by the Soviet secret police (NKVD) at Katyn, Miednoye, Khakriv, and elsewhere and those who perished in the April 2010 crash.

Expresses sympathy for the family members of those who perished in the crash.

Recognizes the resilience of Poland's constitution as demonstrated by the stable transfer of constitutional authority that occurred after the crash.

Read the summary on Congress.gov

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People & committees

Who introduced it

Sen. Lugar, Richard G. [R-IN] · R–IN

Committees

Foreign Relations Committee

3 cosponsorship records, including any withdrawals

Legislative record

Actions

A procedural vote is different from passage. Passage in one chamber does not establish enactment. Explore the glossary.

Apr 13, 2011
Resolution agreed to in Senate without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent. (text: CR S2457-2458)
Apr 13, 2011
Passed/agreed to in Senate: Resolution agreed to in Senate without amendment and with a preamble by Unanimous Consent.(text: CR S2457-2458)
Apr 13, 2011
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations discharged by Unanimous Consent. (consideration: CR S2457-2458)
Apr 13, 2011
Senate Committee on Foreign Relations discharged by Unanimous Consent.(consideration: CR S2457-2458)
Apr 7, 2011
Referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. (text of measure as introduced: CR S2281)
Apr 7, 2011
Introduced in Senate

Primary sources

Bill text & related measures

Text links open the official source. We currently store references to these documents.

Agreed to Senate · Apr 13, 2011 Formatted Text PDF Formatted XML
Introduced in Senate · Apr 7, 2011 Formatted Text PDF Formatted XML

Related bills identified by Congress.gov

No related bills are listed in this snapshot. This does not establish whether the proposal has appeared in earlier Congresses.

Source last updated: Jan 14, 2025. Consult Congress.gov for the current record.

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Neutral evidence review

Objective

Analyze S.Res.135 as objectively as possible. Explain its main provisions, who would be affected, possible benefits and harms, implementation, exceptions, and uncertainties. Present the strongest arguments for and against it, and identify evidence needed to assess its public impact.

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Discuss S.Res.135, 112th Congress: A resolution remembering the 1- year anniversary of the April 10, 2010, plane crash that claimed the lives of the President of Poland Lech Kaczynski, his wife, and 94 others, while they were en route to memorialize those Polish officers, officials, and civilians who were massacred by the Soviet Union in 1940.

Official record: https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-resolution/135

Text version to examine: Agreed to Senate · 2011-04-13.

Official full text: https://www.congress.gov/112/bills/sres135/BILLS-112sres135ats.htm

Imported record last updated by the source: 2025-01-14T19:05:34Z. Verify current status and distinguish any later version from the version above.

Read the official text before answering. If you cannot access it, say so and ask me to provide it; do not assume a link means you have read the document. Distinguish proposals from enacted law, cite sources, and separate facts, interpretation, and uncertain predictions. Include counterarguments even when using a particular perspective.

Analyze S.Res.135 as objectively as possible. Explain its main provisions, who would be affected, possible benefits and harms, implementation, exceptions, and uncertainties. Present the strongest arguments for and against it, and identify evidence needed to assess its public impact.

Fairness and public impact

Progressive lens

Examine S.Res.135 through a progressive lens, focusing on fairness, access, economic inequality, and effects on vulnerable communities. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and distinguish stated goals from demonstrated outcomes.

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Discuss S.Res.135, 112th Congress: A resolution remembering the 1- year anniversary of the April 10, 2010, plane crash that claimed the lives of the President of Poland Lech Kaczynski, his wife, and 94 others, while they were en route to memorialize those Polish officers, officials, and civilians who were massacred by the Soviet Union in 1940.

Official record: https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-resolution/135

Text version to examine: Agreed to Senate · 2011-04-13.

Official full text: https://www.congress.gov/112/bills/sres135/BILLS-112sres135ats.htm

Imported record last updated by the source: 2025-01-14T19:05:34Z. Verify current status and distinguish any later version from the version above.

Read the official text before answering. If you cannot access it, say so and ask me to provide it; do not assume a link means you have read the document. Distinguish proposals from enacted law, cite sources, and separate facts, interpretation, and uncertain predictions. Include counterarguments even when using a particular perspective.

Examine S.Res.135 through a progressive lens, focusing on fairness, access, economic inequality, and effects on vulnerable communities. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and distinguish stated goals from demonstrated outcomes.

Institutions and government scope

Conservative lens

Examine S.Res.135 through a conservative lens, focusing on fiscal responsibility, institutional stability, federalism, and the scope of government. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and any provisions that challenge this perspective.

View full prompt & sources

Discuss S.Res.135, 112th Congress: A resolution remembering the 1- year anniversary of the April 10, 2010, plane crash that claimed the lives of the President of Poland Lech Kaczynski, his wife, and 94 others, while they were en route to memorialize those Polish officers, officials, and civilians who were massacred by the Soviet Union in 1940.

Official record: https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-resolution/135

Text version to examine: Agreed to Senate · 2011-04-13.

Official full text: https://www.congress.gov/112/bills/sres135/BILLS-112sres135ats.htm

Imported record last updated by the source: 2025-01-14T19:05:34Z. Verify current status and distinguish any later version from the version above.

Read the official text before answering. If you cannot access it, say so and ask me to provide it; do not assume a link means you have read the document. Distinguish proposals from enacted law, cite sources, and separate facts, interpretation, and uncertain predictions. Include counterarguments even when using a particular perspective.

Examine S.Res.135 through a conservative lens, focusing on fiscal responsibility, institutional stability, federalism, and the scope of government. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and any provisions that challenge this perspective.

Individual rights and government power

Liberty lens

Examine S.Res.135 through a civil-liberties and limited-government lens. Consider individual rights, privacy, voluntary choice, accountability, and government power. Explain tradeoffs, possible safeguards, and the strongest counterarguments without assuming the proposal is beneficial or harmful.

View full prompt & sources

Discuss S.Res.135, 112th Congress: A resolution remembering the 1- year anniversary of the April 10, 2010, plane crash that claimed the lives of the President of Poland Lech Kaczynski, his wife, and 94 others, while they were en route to memorialize those Polish officers, officials, and civilians who were massacred by the Soviet Union in 1940.

Official record: https://www.congress.gov/bill/112th-congress/senate-resolution/135

Text version to examine: Agreed to Senate · 2011-04-13.

Official full text: https://www.congress.gov/112/bills/sres135/BILLS-112sres135ats.htm

Imported record last updated by the source: 2025-01-14T19:05:34Z. Verify current status and distinguish any later version from the version above.

Read the official text before answering. If you cannot access it, say so and ask me to provide it; do not assume a link means you have read the document. Distinguish proposals from enacted law, cite sources, and separate facts, interpretation, and uncertain predictions. Include counterarguments even when using a particular perspective.

Examine S.Res.135 through a civil-liberties and limited-government lens. Consider individual rights, privacy, voluntary choice, accountability, and government power. Explain tradeoffs, possible safeguards, and the strongest counterarguments without assuming the proposal is beneficial or harmful.