PlainBillCongress, translated.Legislation. Context. Public interest.Motion by Senator Schumer to reconsider the vote by which cloture on the motion to proceed to S.J. Res. 4 was not invoked (Record Vote No. 99) entered in Senate.
Congressional Research Service
Version 00 · Introduced in Senate · Jan 24, 2023
This joint resolution provides that the Equal Rights Amendment, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex, was ratified by three-fourths of the states and is therefore a valid constitutional amendment, regardless of any time limit that was in the original proposal.
The Equal Rights Amendment was originally proposed to the states in 1972. The original proposal included a deadline for ratification of March 22, 1979; Congress subsequently extended the deadline to June 30, 1982. Although the requisite 38 states have ratified the amendment, three of these states did so after the deadlines, and five states subsequently rescinded their ratifications. The status of the amendment has been the subject of litigation.
People & committees
Sen. Cardin, Benjamin L. [D-MD] · D–MD
Legislative record
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Motion by Senator Schumer to reconsider the vote by which cloture on the motion to proceed to S.J. Res. 4 was not invoked (Record Vote No. 99) entered in Senate.
Cloture on the motion to proceed to the measure not invoked in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 51 - 47. Record Vote Number: 99. (CR S1406)
Senate roll call 99 · Individual votesMotion to proceed to measure considered in Senate. (CR S1403)
Motion to proceed to measure considered in Senate. (CR S1365)
Cloture motion on the motion to proceed to the measure presented in Senate. (CR S1322)
Motion to proceed to consideration of measure made in Senate. (CR S1322)
Read the second time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 3.
Introduced in the Senate. Read the first time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under Read the First Time.
Introduced in Senate
Primary sources
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Source last updated: May 27, 2025. Consult Congress.gov for the current record.
AI Conversation Starters
Choose a perspective, copy a prompt, and paste it into your preferred AI. Each prompt includes the bill version and available official source links, and asks for counterarguments as well as supporting evidence.
Analyze S.J.Res.4 as objectively as possible. Explain its main provisions, who would be affected, possible benefits and harms, implementation, exceptions, and uncertainties. Present the strongest arguments for and against it, and identify evidence needed to assess its public impact.
Examine S.J.Res.4 through a progressive lens, focusing on fairness, access, economic inequality, and effects on vulnerable communities. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and distinguish stated goals from demonstrated outcomes.
Examine S.J.Res.4 through a conservative lens, focusing on fiscal responsibility, institutional stability, federalism, and the scope of government. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and any provisions that challenge this perspective.
Examine S.J.Res.4 through a civil-liberties and limited-government lens. Consider individual rights, privacy, voluntary choice, accountability, and government power. Explain tradeoffs, possible safeguards, and the strongest counterarguments without assuming the proposal is beneficial or harmful.