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S.J.Res.4 / 116th Congress

A joint resolution requiring the advice and consent of the Senate or an Act of Congress to suspend, terminate, or withdraw the United States from the North Atlantic Treaty and authorizing related litigation, and for other purposes.

Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 335.

Official summary

Version 25 · Reported to Senate · Dec 17, 2019

This joint resolution requires either the advice and consent of the Senate or an act of Congress before the President may suspend, terminate, denounce, or withdraw the United States from the North Atlantic Treaty. No funds shall be authorized or appropriated to support any efforts to suspend, terminate, denounce, or withdraw from the treaty without the approval of both the Senate and the House of Representatives by a two-thirds vote or an act of Congress.

The President shall notify Congress in writing of any effort to suspend, terminate, denounce, or withdraw from the treaty no later than 48 hours after such action.

This joint resolution also authorizes the Senate Legal Counsel and the General Counsel of the House of Representatives to represent Congress in judicial proceedings related to actions that are inconsistent with this resolution.

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Who introduced it

Sen. Kaine, Tim [D-VA] · D–VA

Committees

  • Foreign Relations Committee
21 cosponsorship records, including any withdrawals

Actions

A procedural vote is different from passage. Passage in one chamber does not establish enactment. Explore the glossary.

  1. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 335.

  2. Committee on Foreign Relations. Reported by Senator Risch with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.

  3. Committee on Foreign Relations. Reported by Senator Risch with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.

  4. Committee on Foreign Relations. Ordered to be reported with an amendment in the nature of a substitute favorably.

  5. Read twice and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. (Sponsor introductory remarks on measure: CR S295)

  6. Introduced in Senate

Bill text & related measures

Text links open the official source. We currently store references to these documents.

Related bills identified by Congress.gov

Source last updated: Dec 5, 2025. Consult Congress.gov for the current record.

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Neutral evidence review

Objective

Analyze S.J.Res.4 as objectively as possible. Explain its main provisions, who would be affected, possible benefits and harms, implementation, exceptions, and uncertainties. Present the strongest arguments for and against it, and identify evidence needed to assess its public impact.

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Fairness and public impact

Progressive lens

Examine S.J.Res.4 through a progressive lens, focusing on fairness, access, economic inequality, and effects on vulnerable communities. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and distinguish stated goals from demonstrated outcomes.

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Institutions and government scope

Conservative lens

Examine S.J.Res.4 through a conservative lens, focusing on fiscal responsibility, institutional stability, federalism, and the scope of government. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and any provisions that challenge this perspective.

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Individual rights and government power

Liberty lens

Examine S.J.Res.4 through a civil-liberties and limited-government lens. Consider individual rights, privacy, voluntary choice, accountability, and government power. Explain tradeoffs, possible safeguards, and the strongest counterarguments without assuming the proposal is beneficial or harmful.

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