PlainBillCongress, translated.Legislation. Context. Public interest.Congressional Research Service
Version 49 · Public Law · May 20, 2009
Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009 or FERA - (Sec. 2) Amends the federal criminal code to include within the definition of "financial institution" a mortgage lending business or any person or entity that makes, in whole or in part, a federally related mortgage loan. Defines "mortgage lending business" as an organization that finances or refinances any debt secured by an interest in real estate, including private mortgage companies and their subsidiaries, and whose activities affect interstate or foreign commerce.
Extends the prohibition against making false statements in a mortgage application to employees and agents of a mortgage lending business.
Applies the prohibition against defrauding the federal government to fraudulent activities involving the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) or a federal economic stimulus, recovery, or rescue plan.
Showing the opening paragraphs of the official summary.
Expands securities fraud provisions to cover fraud involving options and futures in commodities.
Expands the concept of monetary proceeds, for purposes of enforcing prohibitions against money laundering, to include gross receipts.
Expresses the sense of Congress with respect to the prosecution of money laundering crimes in combination with other closely-connected offenses. Requires the Attorney General to report to the House and Senate Judiciary Committees on such prosecutions.
(Sec. 3) Authorizes appropriations to the Attorney General for FY2010-FY2011 for investigations, prosecutions, and civil and administrative proceedings involving federal assistance programs and financial institutions. Allocates such funds among various departments of the Department of Justice (DOJ). Requires that an appropriate percentage of such funds be used to investigate mortgage fraud.
Authorizes additional appropriations to the U.S. Postal Service, the Inspector General for the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the U.S. Secret Service, and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including the Office of Inspector General, in FY2010-FY2011 for similar investigations.
Requires the Attorney General, in consultation with the U.S. Postal Inspection Service, the Inspector General for HUD, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the SEC Commissioner [sic], to submit a report to Congress identifying: (1) amounts spent for investigations, with a certification of compliance that funds have been spent in accordance with this Act; and (2) amounts recovered from criminal or civil restitution, fines, penalties, and other monetary recoveries.
(Sec. 4) Amends the False Claims Act to: (1) expand liability under such Act for making false or fraudulent claims to the federal government; and (2) apply liability under such Act for presenting a false or fraudulent claim for payment or approval (currently limited to such a claim presented to an officer or employee of the federal government). Requires persons who violate such Act to reimburse the federal government for the costs of a civil action to recover penalties or damages.
Modifies and expands provisions of the False Claims Act relating to intervention by the federal government in civil actions for false claims, sharing of information by the Attorney General with a claimant, retaliatory relief, and service upon state or local authorities in sealed cases.
(Sec. 5) Establishes in the legislative branch the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission to examine the causes of the current U.S. financial and economic crisis, taking into account fraud and abuse in the financial sector and other specified factors.
Requires the Commission to submit a final report on its findings to the President and Congress on December 15, 2010. Requires the Commission chairperson to appear before the House Committee on Financial Services and the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs within 120 days after the submission of such report. Terminates the Commission 60 days after the submission of such report.
Authorizes appropriations.
People & committees
Sen. Leahy, Patrick J. [D-VT] · D–VT
Legislative record
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Became Public Law No: 111-21.
Became Public Law No: 111-21.
Signed by President.
Signed by President.
Presented to President.
Presented to President.
Cleared for White House.
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
On motion that the House suspend the rules and agree to the Senate amendment to the House amendments Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 338 - 52 (Roll no. 268). (text as House agreed to Senate amendment: CR H5686)
House roll call 268 · Individual votesResolving differences -- House actions: On motion that the House suspend the rules and agree to the Senate amendment to the House amendments Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 338 - 52 (Roll no. 268).(text as House agreed to Senate amendment: CR H5686)
House roll call 268 · Individual votesAt the conclusion of debate, the chair put the question on the motion to suspend the rules. Mr. Burgess objected to the vote on the grounds that a quorum was not present. Further proceedings on the motion were postponed. The point of no quorum was withdrawn. (consideration: CR H5688)
DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on S. 386.
Mr. Scott (VA) moved that the House suspend the rules and agree to the Senate amendment to the House amendments. (consideration: CR H5686-5688, S5689)
Message on Senate action sent to the House.
Senate concurred in the House amendment to the title by Unanimous Consent.
Resolving differences -- Senate actions: Senate concurred in the House amendment to the title by Unanimous Consent.
Senate concurred in House amendment with an amendment (SA 1128) by Unanimous Consent. (consideration: CR S5494-5495)
Resolving differences -- Senate actions: Senate concurred in House amendment with an amendment (SA 1128) by Unanimous Consent.(consideration: CR S5494-5495)
Message on House action received in Senate and at desk: House amendments to Senate bill.
The title of the measure was amended. Agreed to without objection.
Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 367 - 59, 1 Present (Roll no. 235). (text: CR H5260-5264)
House roll call 235 · Individual votesPassed/agreed to in House: On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Agreed to by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 367 - 59, 1 Present (Roll no. 235).(text: CR H5260-5264)
House roll call 235 · Individual votesConsidered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H5271-5272)
At the conclusion of debate, the Yeas and Nays were demanded and ordered. Pursuant to the provisions of clause 8, rule XX, the Chair announced that further proceedings on the motion would be postponed.
DEBATE - The House proceeded with forty minutes of debate on S. 386.
Considered under suspension of the rules. (consideration: CR H5260-5270)
Mr. Scott (VA) moved to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended.
Held at the desk.
Message on Senate action sent to the House.
Received in the House.
Passed Senate with an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote. 92 - 4. Record Vote Number: 171. (text: CR S4777-4781)
Senate roll call 171 · Individual votesPassed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate with an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote. 92 - 4. Record Vote Number: 171.(text: CR S4777-4781)
Senate roll call 171 · Individual votesConsidered by Senate. (consideration: CR S4774-4781)
The committee substitute as amended agreed to by Unanimous Consent Vote. (consideration: CR S4740)
Point of order raised against pending amendments en bloc.
Cloture on the committee substitute amendment invoked in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 84 - 4. Record Vote Number: 170. (consideration: CR S4740; text: CR S4740)
Senate roll call 170 · Individual votesConsidered by Senate. (consideration: CR S4735-4738, S4738-4741)
Cloture motion on the committee substitute amendment presented in Senate. (consideration: CR S4657; text: CR S4657)
Considered by Senate. (consideration: CR S4704-4641, S4657)
Measure laid before Senate by unanimous consent. (consideration: CR S4531-4561; text of measure as reported in Senate: CR S4531-4532)
Cloture motion on the motion to proceed to the measure withdrawn by unanimous consent in Senate. (consideration: CR S4498)
Motion to proceed to measure considered in Senate. (consideration: CR S4408-4426)
Cloture motion on the motion to proceed to the measure presented in Senate. (consideration: CR 4/02/2009 S4399; text: CR 4/02/2009 S4399)
By Senator Leahy from Committee on the Judiciary filed written report. Report No. 111-10.
By Senator Leahy from Committee on the Judiciary filed written report. Report No. 111-10.
Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 28.
Committee on the Judiciary. Reported by Senator Leahy with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.
Committee on the Judiciary. Reported by Senator Leahy with an amendment in the nature of a substitute. Without written report.
Committee on the Judiciary. Ordered to be reported with an amendment favorably.
Read twice and referred to the Committee on the Judiciary. (text of measure as introduced: CR S1682-1684)
Sponsor introductory remarks on measure. (CR S1681-1682)
Introduced in Senate
Primary sources
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Source last updated: Aug 10, 2026. Consult Congress.gov for the current record.
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