S.2093 / 116th Congress

RE-Coop 21st Century Manufacturing Act

Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.

Congressional Research Service

Official summary

Version 00 · Introduced in Senate · Jul 11, 2019

Rare Earth Cooperative 21st Century Manufacturing Act or the RE-Coop 21st Century Manufacturing Act

This bill addresses the advancement of domestic refining of rare earth elements and the safe storage of thorium.

The Department of Commerce must establish a privately funded, operated, and managed Thorium-Bearing Rare Earth Refinery Cooperative tasked with the creation of a fully integrated domestic rare earth value chain to serve U.S. national security needs and the critical advanced manufacturing industries.

The Department of Energy must coordinate with other agencies to procure the issuance of a federal charter for the Thorium Storage, Energy, and Industrial Products Corporation which shall assume liability for and ownership of all thorium and mineralogically actinides and decay products contained within the rare earth element ores utilized by the cooperative.

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People & committees

Who introduced it

Sen. Rubio, Marco [R-FL] · R–FL

Committees

Energy and Natural Resources Committee

0 cosponsorship records, including any withdrawals

Legislative record

Actions

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Jul 11, 2019
Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.
Jul 11, 2019
Introduced in Senate

Primary sources

Bill text & related measures

Text links open the official source. We currently store references to these documents.

Introduced in Senate · Jul 11, 2019 Formatted Text PDF Formatted XML

Related bills identified by Congress.gov

HR 4410 · RE-Coop 21st Century Manufacturing Act

Source last updated: Sep 8, 2026. Consult Congress.gov for the current record.

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Objective

Analyze S.2093 as objectively as possible. Explain its main provisions, who would be affected, possible benefits and harms, implementation, exceptions, and uncertainties. Present the strongest arguments for and against it, and identify evidence needed to assess its public impact.

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Discuss S.2093, 116th Congress: RE-Coop 21st Century Manufacturing Act

Official record: https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/2093

Text version to examine: Introduced in Senate · 2019-07-11.

Official full text: https://www.congress.gov/116/bills/s2093/BILLS-116s2093is.htm

Imported record last updated by the source: 2026-09-08T18:09:59Z. Verify current status and distinguish any later version from the version above.

Read the official text before answering. If you cannot access it, say so and ask me to provide it; do not assume a link means you have read the document. Distinguish proposals from enacted law, cite sources, and separate facts, interpretation, and uncertain predictions. Include counterarguments even when using a particular perspective.

Analyze S.2093 as objectively as possible. Explain its main provisions, who would be affected, possible benefits and harms, implementation, exceptions, and uncertainties. Present the strongest arguments for and against it, and identify evidence needed to assess its public impact.

Fairness and public impact

Progressive lens

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Discuss S.2093, 116th Congress: RE-Coop 21st Century Manufacturing Act

Official record: https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/2093

Text version to examine: Introduced in Senate · 2019-07-11.

Official full text: https://www.congress.gov/116/bills/s2093/BILLS-116s2093is.htm

Imported record last updated by the source: 2026-09-08T18:09:59Z. Verify current status and distinguish any later version from the version above.

Read the official text before answering. If you cannot access it, say so and ask me to provide it; do not assume a link means you have read the document. Distinguish proposals from enacted law, cite sources, and separate facts, interpretation, and uncertain predictions. Include counterarguments even when using a particular perspective.

Examine S.2093 through a progressive lens, focusing on fairness, access, economic inequality, and effects on vulnerable communities. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and distinguish stated goals from demonstrated outcomes.

Institutions and government scope

Conservative lens

Examine S.2093 through a conservative lens, focusing on fiscal responsibility, institutional stability, federalism, and the scope of government. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and any provisions that challenge this perspective.

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Discuss S.2093, 116th Congress: RE-Coop 21st Century Manufacturing Act

Official record: https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/2093

Text version to examine: Introduced in Senate · 2019-07-11.

Official full text: https://www.congress.gov/116/bills/s2093/BILLS-116s2093is.htm

Imported record last updated by the source: 2026-09-08T18:09:59Z. Verify current status and distinguish any later version from the version above.

Read the official text before answering. If you cannot access it, say so and ask me to provide it; do not assume a link means you have read the document. Distinguish proposals from enacted law, cite sources, and separate facts, interpretation, and uncertain predictions. Include counterarguments even when using a particular perspective.

Examine S.2093 through a conservative lens, focusing on fiscal responsibility, institutional stability, federalism, and the scope of government. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and any provisions that challenge this perspective.

Individual rights and government power

Liberty lens

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View full prompt & sources

Discuss S.2093, 116th Congress: RE-Coop 21st Century Manufacturing Act

Official record: https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/2093

Text version to examine: Introduced in Senate · 2019-07-11.

Official full text: https://www.congress.gov/116/bills/s2093/BILLS-116s2093is.htm

Imported record last updated by the source: 2026-09-08T18:09:59Z. Verify current status and distinguish any later version from the version above.

Read the official text before answering. If you cannot access it, say so and ask me to provide it; do not assume a link means you have read the document. Distinguish proposals from enacted law, cite sources, and separate facts, interpretation, and uncertain predictions. Include counterarguments even when using a particular perspective.

Examine S.2093 through a civil-liberties and limited-government lens. Consider individual rights, privacy, voluntary choice, accountability, and government power. Explain tradeoffs, possible safeguards, and the strongest counterarguments without assuming the proposal is beneficial or harmful.