PlainBillCongress, translated.Legislation. Context. Public interest.Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution.
Congressional Research Service
Version 00 · Introduced in House · Sep 20, 2005
Expresses the sense of the House of Representatives that: (1) the phrase "one Nation, under God" should remain in the Pledge of Allegiance; and (2) voluntary recitation of the Pledge in public school classrooms should be encouraged.
Recognizes and commends the Elk Grove Unified School District in California for its continued support of the Pledge.
Urges the Attorney General to appeal the ruling in Newdow, et al. v. U.S. Congress, et al. (holding that the policy of daily teacher-led recitations of the Pledge of Allegiance by public school students violates the Establishment Clause of the Constitution) to the Supreme Court.
People & committees
Rep. McCotter, Thaddeus G. [R-MI-11] · R–MI
Legislative record
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Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution.
Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Introduced in House
Introduced in House
Primary sources
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Source last updated: Jan 2, 2025. Consult Congress.gov for the current record.
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Analyze H.Res.453 as objectively as possible. Explain its main provisions, who would be affected, possible benefits and harms, implementation, exceptions, and uncertainties. Present the strongest arguments for and against it, and identify evidence needed to assess its public impact.
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