PlainBillCongress, translated.Legislation. Context. Public interest.Referred to the House Committee on Education and Workforce.
Congressional Research Service
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People & committees
Rep. Adams, Alma S. [D-NC-12] · D–NC
Legislative record
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Referred to the House Committee on Education and Workforce.
Introduced in House
Introduced in House
Primary sources
Text links open the official source. We also preserved the text version used in the PlainBill explanation below.
Source last updated: Jan 23, 2026. Consult Congress.gov for the current record.
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PlainBill explanation
Based on the full Introduced in House · 2025-02-11 text. This explanation has not received human editorial review. This overview describes the proposal’s major provisions; it does not establish what its real-world effects would be.
The proposed Fair Play for Women Act would prohibit sex discrimination in athletics by covered local school agencies, covered colleges, and State and intercollegiate athletic associations, and let affected athletes sue. It would expand public reporting on athletic participation and resources and require annual training on students’ rights under Title IX, the federal law barring sex discrimination in federally funded schools. The Education Department could impose civil penalties for specified violations. These are proposed changes; the supplied record does not establish enactment.
This Act may be cited as the Fair Play for Women Act.
No State athletic association or covered local educational agency shall, on the basis of sex, subject any athlete to discrimination with respect to elementary school, secondary school, or interscholastic athletics
No intercollegiate athletic association or covered institution of higher education shall, on the basis of sex, subject any athlete to discrimination with respect to intercollegiate or (subject to paragraph (2)) collegiate athletics
An individual who seeks to participate, participates, or previously participated in athletics covered under subsection (a) or (b), offered under the authority of an intercollegiate athletic association or State athletic association, or by a covered institution of higher education or covered local educational agency, may bring an action in any Federal or State court of competent jurisdiction against the athletic association, institution, or agency involved, alleging a violation of this section.
Each institution of higher education described in paragraph (1) shall— (i) by October 15 of each year, provide the information contained in the report required under such paragraph for such year to the Secretary; and (ii) by not later than February 15 of each year, publish such information on a public Internet website of the institution in a searchable format.
The Secretary shall collect annually, from each coeducational elementary school and secondary school that receives Federal financial assistance and has an athletic program, a report that includes the following information for the immediately preceding academic year
More than 50 years ago, Congress passed title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (referred to in this section as title IX), helping to transform participation in and support for women’s sports by barring discrimination on the basis of sex in all schools that receive Federal funding, including in their athletic programs.
a title IX coordinator for the covered local educational agency provides training to athletes at elementary schools or secondary schools served by the covered local educational agency on the rights of the athletes under title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, and procedures for submitting complaints of violations of that title to the Office for Civil Rights of the Department of Education; and (ii) each such athlete receives that training at least once per year.
the Secretary may impose a civil penalty on such institution, agency, or school.
Source snapshot updated 2026-01-23T09:06:40Z. 2025-02-11: Referred to the House Committee on Education and Workforce. 2025-02-11: Introduced in House
The bill’s findings describe unequal athletic opportunities and treatment for women and girls. Its stated purposes include addressing discrimination, improving data transparency, helping students understand their rights, and ensuring equal access to high-quality, supportive athletic opportunities. These are the bill’s stated findings and goals, not proof of its future effects.
Despite progress, women and girls still face unequal opportunities and unfair treatment in school-based athletics.
The purposes of this Act are to— (1) address unfair and discriminatory treatment of women and girls in sports in elementary and secondary schools, as well as institutions of higher education; (2) improve the collection and transparency of data pertaining to participation in and support for women’s and girls’ sports at schools receiving Federal financial assistance; (3) ensure all students participating in athletics, as well as those who work in school-sponsored athletics, are aware of and understand the nondiscrimination rights of students related to their athletic opportunities; and (4) ensure all students have equal access to high-quality and supportive athletic opportunities.
The bill uses “collegiate” for sports whose participants all attend the same covered college, including intramural and club sports. Covered colleges and local school agencies are defined through references to existing education law, whose full text is not supplied.
The term collegiate, used with respect to athletics, means intramural and club-level athletics or other athletics, in which all participants attend the same covered institution of higher education.
The term covered institution of higher education means an entity that is described in section 908(2)(A) of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1687(2)(A)) and covered by section 908 of those Amendments (20 U.S.C. 1687).
The term covered local educational agency means such an agency that is described in section 908(2)(B) of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1687(2)(B)) and covered by section 908 of those Amendments.
Intercollegiate athletic associations would include organizations established by or made up of at least two covered colleges that govern competitions or otherwise exercise authority over their intercollegiate athletics and are engaged in commerce or an industry or activity affecting commerce. State athletic associations would include organizations established by or made up of at least two federally funded elementary or secondary schools that govern competitions or otherwise exercise authority over athletics at those schools.
The term intercollegiate athletic association means any conference, association, or other group or organization, established by or comprised of 2 or more covered institutions of higher education, that— (A) governs competitions among, or otherwise exercises authority over intercollegiate athletics at, such institutions of higher education who are members of or under the authority of the intercollegiate athletic association; and (B) is engaged in commerce or an industry or activity affecting commerce.
The term State athletic association means any association, organization, or other group, established by or comprised of 2 or more elementary schools or secondary schools that receive Federal funding, that governs competition among or otherwise exercises authority over elementary school, secondary school, or interscholastic athletics, at such federally funded elementary schools or secondary schools.
State athletic associations and covered local school agencies would be prohibited from discriminating against athletes based on sex. The prohibition would cover school sports rules, sports required for association membership, sponsored competitions and championships, and their locations, facilities, and amenities.
No State athletic association or covered local educational agency shall, on the basis of sex, subject any athlete to discrimination with respect to elementary school, secondary school, or interscholastic athletics, including discrimination through— (1) the rules it sets for elementary school, secondary school, or interscholastic athletics; (2) the sports— (A) required for membership in a State athletic association; (B) competitions sponsored by the State athletic association or covered local educational agency, respectively; or (C) championships sponsored by that association or agency; or (3) the location, facilities, or amenities provided for competitions or championships sponsored by that association or agency.
Covered colleges and intercollegiate athletic associations would face a similar prohibition. It would also cover goods and services for competitions and championships and the distribution of revenues or other benefits. For sports entirely within one college, only the covered college could be found responsible under this provision.
No intercollegiate athletic association or covered institution of higher education shall, on the basis of sex, subject any athlete to discrimination with respect to intercollegiate or (subject to paragraph (2)) collegiate athletics
(D) the provision or arrangement for the provision of goods or services (including benefits) for competitions or championships sponsored by the intercollegiate athletic association, or for collegiate athletic competitions or championships sponsored by such an institution; or (E) the distribution of revenues or other benefits to members of or such institutions under the authority of the intercollegiate athletic association, or to teams, clubs, or other entities participating in collegiate athletics at the institution.
Only a covered institution of higher education may be considered to have committed a violation of paragraph (1) with respect to collegiate athletics.
People seeking to participate, currently participating, or formerly participating in covered athletics could sue the association, college, or school agency involved in a federal or state court with authority to hear the case. Courts could award appropriate remedies, including compensation for financial and emotional injuries, punitive damages, and attorney and expert fees.
An individual who seeks to participate, participates, or previously participated in athletics covered under subsection (a) or (b), offered under the authority of an intercollegiate athletic association or State athletic association, or by a covered institution of higher education or covered local educational agency, may bring an action in any Federal or State court of competent jurisdiction against the athletic association, institution, or agency involved, alleging a violation of this section.
The court may award all legal or equitable relief that may be appropriate for such a violation. The legal relief may include compensatory damages for all injuries, including financial injuries, unequal treatment, emotional distress, humiliation, and pain and suffering, as well as punitive damages, attorney’s fees, and expert fees.
State and intercollegiate athletic associations would have to train every employee annually on section 5’s rights and lawsuit procedures. Covered colleges would have to provide that annual training to employees whose work relates to sports within the college, and covered local school agencies would have to provide it to employees whose work relates to athletics.
Each State athletic association or intercollegiate athletic association shall ensure that each employee of the State athletic association or intercollegiate athletic association receives, at least once per year, training on the provisions of this section, including the rights delineated under this section and the procedures for bringing actions under this section.
Each covered institution of higher education shall ensure that each employee of the institution with an employment function relating to collegiate athletics receives, at least once per year, such training.
Each covered local educational agency shall ensure that each employee of the local educational agency with an employment function relating to athletics receives, at least once per year, such training.
The bill would expand existing college athletics disclosure language to include intramural and club-level programs. It would require participant totals by team and the numbers of male and female students participating in sports within the college. The full existing disclosure provision is not supplied, so these textual amendments do not establish every boundary of the resulting reporting requirements.
by inserting collegiate (including intramural and club-level) or before intercollegiate athletic program
by inserting collegiate and before intercollegiate athletics
The total number of participants, by team.
The number of male students, and the number of female students, participating in collegiate (including intramural and club) sports at the institution.
For each men’s and women’s intercollegiate sport, reporting colleges would report athletic aid totals, scholarship counts and average amounts, and counts covering full tuition or the full cost of attendance. They would also report how many scholarships last one year or less and how many last at least four academic years.
For each men’s and women’s intercollegiate sport— (I) the total amount of athletically related student aid; (II) the total number of athletically related scholarships, and the average amount of such scholarships; (III) the total number of athletically related scholarships that fund the full cost of tuition at the institution; (IV) the total number of athletically related scholarships that fund the full cost of attendance for the athlete; (V) the total number of athletically related scholarships awarded for a period equal to or less than one year; and (VI) the total number of athletically related scholarships awarded for a period equal to or greater than 4 academic years.
College financial disclosures would report intercollegiate revenues and expenses both overall and separately for each men’s and women’s sport. The revenue amendment would include student activities fees and alumni contributions where practicable. Amendments concerning head and assistant coaches would include compensation, bonuses, benefits, and buyouts reportable by colleges or related organizations such as booster clubs and foundations. The bill would also add a breakdown by each men’s and women’s sport to existing section 485(g)(1)(E), and extend paragraph (2)’s reference from subparagraph (G) to both (G) and (H). Those underlying provisions are not supplied, so their complete operation cannot be determined here.
The revenues from the institution’s intercollegiate athletics activities, in the aggregate and disaggregated by each men’s sport and each women’s sport
The expenses made by the institution for the institution’s intercollegiate athletics activities, in the aggregate and disaggregated by each men’s sport and each women’s sport
advertising, and, to the extent practicable, student activities fees and alumni contributions.
in subparagraph (G), by inserting (which, for purposes of this subparagraph, includes compensation, bonuses, benefits, and buyouts paid to coaches and reportable by the institution or related entities, including booster clubs and foundations) before of the head coaches of men's teams
in subparagraph (H), by inserting (which, for purposes of this subparagraph, includes compensation, bonuses, benefits, and buyouts paid to coaches and reportable by the institution or related entities, including booster clubs and foundations) before of the assistant coaches of men's teams
in subparagraph (E), by inserting and disaggregated by each men’s sport and each women’s sport before the period at the end
in paragraph (2), by striking For the purposes of paragraph (1)(G) and inserting For the purposes of subparagraphs (G) and (H) of paragraph (1)
Reporting colleges would report athletes participating in one, two, or three intercollegiate sports; men practicing on women’s intercollegiate teams; and athletes’ and coaches’ race and ethnicity. These disclosures would include aggregate information and the specified breakdowns by sport.
(K) The numbers of participants who participate in 1, 2, or 3 intercollegiate sports at the institution, in the aggregate and disaggregated by each men’s sport and each women’s sport. (L) The total number of men that practice on women’s intercollegiate teams, in the aggregate and disaggregated by each women’s sport. (M) Information regarding race and ethnicity for athletes and coaches (including assistant coaches), in the aggregate and disaggregated by each men’s sport and each women’s sport.
Reporting colleges would certify that they verified their reported information. They would also certify compliance with Title IX’s sports participation requirements and identify their method: substantial proportionality, a history and continuing practice of expanding opportunities, or full and effective accommodation of athletic interests.
(O) A certification that the institution has verified the information submitted in the report under this paragraph. (P) With respect to the sports participation opportunities requirements under title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972— (i) a certification that the institution complies with such requirements by showing— (I) substantial proportionality; (II) a history and continuing practice of expanding sports participation opportunities; or (III) full and effective accommodation of athletics interests; and (ii) an identification of the method of compliance described in subclauses (I) through (III) of clause (i) that the institution uses.
Colleges subject to the disclosure requirement would submit their annual information to the Education Department by October 15 and publish it on a searchable public website by February 15. The Department would also publish the reports and information for the preceding academic year in searchable form by February 15.
Each institution of higher education described in paragraph (1) shall— (i) by October 15 of each year, provide the information contained in the report required under such paragraph for such year to the Secretary; and (ii) by not later than February 15 of each year, publish such information on a public Internet website of the institution in a searchable format.
By not later than February 15 of each year, the Secretary shall make the reports and information described in subparagraph (A) for the immediately preceding academic year available to the public, which shall include posting the reports and information on a public Internet website of the Department in a searchable format.
Within two years after enactment, and every two years afterward, the Education Department would publish a gender-equity report. For all reporting colleges together and each individually, it would identify participation gaps relative to full-time undergraduate enrollment; spending gaps in athletic aid, recruiting, promotion, and publicity relative to enrollment proportions; and relevant trends.
By not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of the Fair Play for Women Act, and every 2 years thereafter, the Secretary shall prepare and publish a report on gender equity using the information submitted under this subsection.
in the aggregate for all institutions of higher education described in paragraph (1) and disaggregated by each individual institution— (i) identify participant gaps, if any, by indicating the number of participants that need to be added in order for participants of the underrepresented sex at the institution to match the proportion of enrolled full-time undergraduate students of the underrepresented sex at the institution; (ii) identify funding gaps, if any, by showing the percentage differences, compared to proportions of enrollment of men and women at the institution, in expenditures for athletically related student aid, recruiting, promotion, and publicity in intercollegiate athletics; and (iii) identify any trends evident in such data that address relevant inequities in intercollegiate athletics participation and financial support.
For college reporting, an athlete would count as a participant by regularly receiving institutional athletic support, taking part in practices and team activities during the season, and appearing on the eligibility or squad list. An athlete who does not meet those conditions because of injury would still count if continuing to receive athletic aid in that sport. An intercollegiate team’s season would run from its first to its final intercollegiate competitive event in the academic year.
The term participant means an athlete in a sport who— (i) (I) is receiving the institutionally sponsored support normally provided to athletes competing at the institution involved on a regular basis during the sport’s season; (II) is participating in organized practice sessions and other team meetings and activities on a regular basis during the sport’s season; and (III) is listed on the eligibility or squad list maintained for the sport; or (ii) due to injury, does not meet the requirements of clause (i) but continues to receive financial aid on the basis of athletic ability in the sport.
The term season, when used with respect to an intercollegiate team sport, means the period beginning on the date of a team’s first intercollegiate competitive event in an academic year and ending on the date of the team’s final intercollegiate competitive event in such academic year.
A new annual reporting requirement would apply to each coeducational elementary and secondary school that receives federal financial assistance and has an athletic program. Reports would cover the preceding academic year and count athletes who regularly participate in competitions, practices, and other team activities during the season. For this reporting, a team sport’s season would run from the team’s first athletic competition to its final interscholastic athletic competition in the academic year.
The Secretary shall collect annually, from each coeducational elementary school and secondary school that receives Federal financial assistance and has an athletic program, a report that includes the following information for the immediately preceding academic year
The term participant means an athlete in a sport who participates in the sport in elementary school, secondary school, or interscholastic competitive events, organized practice sessions, and other team meetings and activities on a regular basis during the sport’s season.
The term season, when used with respect to a team sport, means the period beginning on the date of a team’s first athletic competition in an academic year and ending on the date of the team’s final interscholastic athletic competition in such academic year.
School reports would show enrollment by combinations of sex and race or ethnicity, plus each competing team’s season and participant counts by those characteristics and competition level. They would also disclose scheduled event counts, days and times, and postseason participation and results.
(1) The total number of students that attended the school, fully disaggregated and cross-tabulated by sex and race or ethnicity. (2) A listing of the school’s teams that competed in athletic competition and for each such team the following data: (A) The season in which the team competed. (B) The total number of participants, fully disaggregated and cross-tabulated by sex and race or ethnicity and level of competition.
(D) The total number of competitive events (in regular and nontraditional seasons) scheduled, and for each an indication of what day of the week and time the competitive event was scheduled. (E) Whether such team participated in postseason competition, and the success of such team in any postseason competition.
School reports would disclose each team’s spending from all sources, including booster organizations. Required details would include travel, equipment and uniforms with any replacement schedules, facilities, publicity, coaching compensation, and staffing information for coaches, trainers, and medical personnel.
The total expenditures for the team from all sources, including school funds and funds provided by any other entities, such as booster organizations
(i) The travel expenditures. (ii) The equipment expenditures (including any equipment replacement schedule). (iii) The uniform expenditures (including any uniform replacement schedule). (iv) The expenditures for facilities, including medical facilities, locker rooms, fields, and gymnasiums.
(v) The total number of trainers and medical personnel, and for each trainer or medical personnel an identification of such individual’s— (I) sex; and (II) employment status (including whether such individual is assigned to the team full-time or part-time, and whether such individual is a head or assistant trainer or medical services provider) and duties other than providing training or medical services. (vi) The expenditures for publicity for competitions. (vii) The total salary expenditures for coaches, including compensation, benefits, and bonuses, the total number of coaches, and for each coach an identification of such coach’s— (I) sex; and (II) employment status (including whether such coach is assigned to the team full-time or part-time, and whether such coach is a head or assistant coach) and duties other than coaching.
Schools would make their reports available by October 15 to the public and, upon request, to current and prospective students and their parents. Schools would notify students and parents of their right to request the information and submit it to the Education Department within 15 days after making it available.
by October 15 of each year, make available to students, potential students, and parents of students and potential students, upon request, and to the public, the report and information required of the school under such subsection for such year
ensure that all students and parents at the school are informed of their right to request such report and information.
On an annual basis, each school described in subsection (b) shall provide the report required under such subsection, and the information contained in such report, to the Secretary not later than 15 days after the date that the school makes such report and information available under subsection (c).
The Education Department would make school reports searchable on the same public website as college reports. Within 180 days after enactment, it would notify elementary schools, secondary schools, and State athletic associations about report availability and issue guidance on collecting and reporting the data.
ensure that reports and information submitted under subsection (d) are available on the same public website, and searchable in the same manner, as the reports and information made available under section 485(g)(4)(B) of the Higher Education Act of 1965
not later than 180 days after the date of enactment of the Fair Play for Women Act— (A) notify all elementary schools, secondary schools, and State athletic associations in all States regarding the availability of the reports and information under subsection (c); and (B) issue guidance to all such elementary schools, secondary schools, and State athletic associations on how to collect and report the information required under this section.
Covered local school agencies would provide annual Title IX training to their Title IX coordinators and employees who work with athletics or teach physical education or health. Training would cover students’ rights and how to complain to the Education Department’s Office for Civil Rights.
Each covered local educational agency shall ensure that each title IX coordinator, and each employee who works with athletics or teaches physical education or health, for the covered local educational agency receives, at least once per year, training on the rights under title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.) of students at elementary schools or secondary schools, and procedures for submitting complaints of violations under title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 to the Office for Civil Rights of the Department of Education.
Elementary and secondary school athletes served by covered local school agencies would receive annual training from a Title IX coordinator on their rights and federal complaint procedures. A Title IX coordinator is the person responsible for coordinating the school system’s Title IX compliance efforts.
a title IX coordinator for the covered local educational agency provides training to athletes at elementary schools or secondary schools served by the covered local educational agency on the rights of the athletes under title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, and procedures for submitting complaints of violations of that title to the Office for Civil Rights of the Department of Education; and (ii) each such athlete receives that training at least once per year.
The term title IX coordinator means the individual who coordinates the efforts of a covered school system to comply with and carry out the responsibilities of the covered local educational agency under title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
Covered colleges would provide annual Title IX rights and complaint-procedure training to athletic department employees and employees working with sports within the college. Athletes would receive annual training from a Title IX expert who is not one of those employees; the bill does not require that expert to be outside the college altogether.
Each covered institution of higher education shall ensure that each employee of the athletic department of the covered institution of higher education and each employee of the institution with an employment function relating to collegiate athletics receives, at least once per year, training on the rights under title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.) of students at covered institutions of higher education, and procedures for submitting complaints of violations of title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 to the Office for Civil Rights of the Department of Education.
an expert in matters relating to title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, who is not an employee described in subparagraph (A) of the covered institution of higher education, provides training to athletes at the covered institution of higher education on the rights of the athletes under title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.), and procedures for submitting complaints of violations of that title to the Office for Civil Rights of the Department of Education; and (ii) each such athlete receives that training at least once per year.
The Education Department would establish and maintain a public database containing at least each Title IX coordinator’s name, phone number, and email address. It would be separate from the Office for Civil Rights’ coordinator data and made available alongside the college athletics reports.
The Secretary of Education shall establish and maintain a database of title IX coordinators, which shall be separate from the civil rights coordinators data maintained by the Office for Civil Rights of the Department of Education. The database shall include, at a minimum, the name, phone number, and email address for each title IX coordinator. The Secretary shall make the information in the database available to the public with, and by the same means as, reports made available under section 485(g)(4)(B) of the Higher Education Act of 1965
At the start of each year, the Education Secretary would identify covered colleges, local school agencies, and elementary or secondary schools found in the preceding year to have violated section 7 or Title IX. Proceedings would follow the referenced Title IX administrative process, whose full text is not supplied. The Secretary could impose a civil penalty; the bill does not specify a dollar amount.
The Secretary of Education shall determine, at the beginning of each year, each covered institution of higher education, covered local educational agency, elementary school, or secondary school that was found during the prior year to be in noncompliance with a requirement of section 7, or of title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.). Such administrative proceeding shall be conducted in the same manner as an administrative proceeding under section 902 of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1682).
If the Secretary of Education determines under subsection (a) that a covered institution of higher education, covered local educational agency, elementary school, or secondary school was in such noncompliance during the prior year, the Secretary may impose a civil penalty on such institution, agency, or school.
An institution, agency, or school determined to have been in such noncompliance during at least two of the preceding five years would have to submit a plan to comply with section 7 and Title IX within 120 days after notice. The Secretary would have to make the report public.
If the Secretary of Education determines under subsection (a) that a covered institution of higher education, covered local educational agency, elementary school, or secondary school was in such noncompliance during 2 or more of the prior 5 years, the Secretary shall— (1) require such covered institution, covered local educational agency, elementary school, or secondary school to submit, not later than 120 days after receiving notice of the determination, a plan for coming into compliance with all requirements of section 7, and of title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.); and (2) make the report publicly available.
The bill would prohibit interpreting its provisions as implying that the listed athletic associations, colleges, or local school agencies are outside Title IX’s coverage, or were outside that coverage immediately before enactment.
Nothing in this Act shall be construed to imply that intercollegiate athletic associations, State athletic associations, covered institutions of higher education, or covered local educational agencies— (1) are not covered by title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.); or (2) were not covered by that title on the day before the date of enactment of this Act.
The supplied official-actions snapshot, updated January 23, 2026, records introduction in the House and referral to the House Committee on Education and Workforce on February 11, 2025. It supplies no later action; this does not establish that the bill never advanced or became law.
Source snapshot updated 2026-01-23T09:06:40Z. 2025-02-11: Referred to the House Committee on Education and Workforce. 2025-02-11: Introduced in House 2025-02-11: Introduced in House
A closer look
Reviewed version: Introduced in House · 2025-02-11. These findings describe provisions and who may benefit; they are not judgments of waste, corruption, or motive.
This review covers the supplied bill text. “None identified” does not rule out provisions in later versions or accompanying reports and disclosures.
Provisions outside the bill’s main subject, or policy changes attached to appropriations.
None identified in the reviewed text
No unrelated provision or policy rider attached to appropriations was identified after reviewing the complete supplied introduced text. This conclusion applies only to that version and does not establish absence in other versions or accompanying materials.
Spending directed to particular recipients or places outside ordinary competitive or formula-based allocation.
None identified in the reviewed text
No congressionally directed spending for particular recipients or places was identified after reviewing the complete supplied introduced text. This conclusion is limited to that version; absent disclosure and legislative materials prevent a broader determination of formal earmark status.
Narrow exceptions, exemptions, or preferential treatment that warrant a closer look.
None identified in the reviewed text
No materially narrow preferential benefit or special exemption warranting a finding was identified after reviewing the complete supplied introduced text. Equal access, generally applicable remedies, and routine administration alone do not constitute preferential treatment. This conclusion applies only to that version and does not establish absence in other versions or accompanying materials.
Full text preserved for this analysis. Legislative record snapshot: Jan 23, 2026. How PlainBill uses AI