PlainBillCongress, translated.Legislation. Context. Public interest.Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.
Congressional Research Service
Version 00 · Introduced in House · Feb 5, 2025
Stop the Invasion of Women’s Spaces Act
This bill bars provision of federal funds to entities (including private entities and state, local, and tribal governments) that permit an individual to access or use single-sex restrooms, locker rooms, or changing rooms on the entity's property other than those corresponding to the individual's biological sex.
This prohibition does not apply to entities that permit such access for (1) emergency medical personnel responding to a medical emergency, or (2) law enforcement officers in active pursuit of a suspect or as part of an active investigation.
People & committees
Rep. Mace, Nancy [R-SC-1] · R–SC
Legislative record
A procedural vote is different from passage. Passage in one chamber does not establish enactment. Explore the glossary.
Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform.
Introduced in House
Introduced in House
Primary sources
Text links open the official source. We also preserved the text version used in the PlainBill explanation below.
No related bills are listed in this snapshot. This does not establish whether the proposal has appeared in earlier Congresses.
Source last updated: Apr 28, 2025. Consult Congress.gov for the current record.
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PlainBill explanation
Based on the full Introduced in House · 2025-02-05 text. This explanation has not received human editorial review. This overview describes the proposal’s major provisions; it does not establish what its real-world effects would be.
This bill would bar direct or indirect federal funding to private entities and nonfederal public bodies that allow someone to access or use a single-sex facility inconsistent with the bill’s definition of that person’s biological sex. It covers facilities on property those entities own, lease, control, or occupy. Exceptions would apply for emergency medical responses and specified law enforcement activities. These are proposed funding restrictions, not evidence of enacted requirements.
Federal funds may not be provided, directly or indirectly, to an entity if such entity permits an individual to access or use a single-sex facility on the property of such entity that does not correspond to the biological sex of such person
The term entity means any private entity, non-Federal Government agency or department, or State, Tribal, or local government (including a political subdivision, department, or component thereof).
The term property means any building, land, or other real property owned, leased, controlled, or occupied by an entity.
(1) emergency medical personnel responding to a medical emergency; or (2) a law enforcement officer in active pursuit of a suspect, or as part of an active investigation.
Section 1 gives the proposal the short title “Stop the Invasion of Women’s Spaces Act.”
This Act may be cited as the Stop the Invasion of Women’s Spaces Act.
Section 2 would prohibit providing federal funds directly or indirectly to an entity based on whom it permits to access or use a single-sex facility. The restriction is written to apply despite other laws, subject to the bill’s exceptions; it is not limited to a named federal funding program. Subsection (a) also says “except as provided by subsection (c),” but subsection (c) contains definitions rather than a separately stated exception. The text does not resolve what additional exception, if any, that reference is intended to create.
Notwithstanding any other provision of law and except as provided in subsection (b), Federal funds may not be provided, directly or indirectly, to an entity if such entity permits an individual to access or use a single-sex facility on the property of such entity that does not correspond to the biological sex of such person, except as provided by subsection (c).
(c) Definitions In this section:
Covered entities would include private entities, nonfederal government agencies and departments, and state, Tribal, and local governments and their subdivisions or components. Property would include buildings, land, and other real property they own, lease, control, or occupy.
The term entity means any private entity, non-Federal Government agency or department, or State, Tribal, or local government (including a political subdivision, department, or component thereof).
The term property means any building, land, or other real property owned, leased, controlled, or occupied by an entity.
A covered single-sex facility would be a space intended for one biological sex, male or female. Restrooms, locker rooms, and changing rooms are examples, rather than an exhaustive list.
The term single-sex facility means a space intended for the use of one biological sex (male or female), including a— (A) restroom; (B) locker room; or (C) changing room.
The bill defines biological sex as a biological determination of whether someone is male or female. Its definitions tie female to an egg-related reproductive system and male to a sperm-related reproductive system. They include systems a person naturally has, previously had, will have, or would have but for a developmental or genetic anomaly or a “historical accident.”
The term biological sex means the biological determination as to whether an individual is male or female.
The term female means an individual who naturally has, had, will have, or would have, but for a developmental or genetic anomaly or historical accident, the reproductive system that at some point produces, transports, and uses eggs for fertilization.
The term male means an individual who naturally has, had, will have, or would have, but for a developmental or genetic anomaly or historical accident, the reproductive system that at some point produces, transports, and uses sperm for fertilization.
The funding prohibition would not apply with respect to an entity permitting otherwise restricted access by emergency medical personnel responding to a medical emergency, or by a law enforcement officer actively pursuing a suspect or participating in an active investigation.
Subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to an entity that permits an individual to access a single-sex facility on the property of such entity that does not correspond to the biological sex of such person in the circumstance of— (1) emergency medical personnel responding to a medical emergency; or (2) a law enforcement officer in active pursuit of a suspect, or as part of an active investigation.
The supplied official-actions snapshot, updated April 28, 2025, records introduction in the House and referral to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on February 5, 2025.
Source snapshot updated 2025-04-28T19:45:29Z. 2025-02-05: Referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. 2025-02-05: Introduced in House
A closer look
Reviewed version: Introduced in House · 2025-02-05. These findings describe provisions and who may benefit; they are not judgments of waste, corruption, or motive.
This review covers the supplied bill text. “None identified” does not rule out provisions in later versions or accompanying reports and disclosures.
Provisions outside the bill’s main subject, or policy changes attached to appropriations.
None identified in the reviewed text
No provision unrelated to the bill’s main subject or policy change attached to appropriations was identified in the complete supplied introduced text. This conclusion is limited to that version and does not establish absence in other versions or accompanying materials, or any amendment attachment history.
Spending directed to particular recipients or places outside ordinary competitive or formula-based allocation.
None identified in the reviewed text
No congressionally directed spending for a particular recipient or place was identified in the complete supplied introduced text. This conclusion is limited to that version and does not establish absence or formal earmark status in other versions or accompanying materials.
Narrow exceptions, exemptions, or preferential treatment that warrant a closer look.
Findings to examine
The complete supplied introduced text contains a narrow exception to the main funding restriction. Classification as a targeted benefit describes the exception’s scope and does not imply improper motive or assess its merits.
Section 2(b) benefits covered entities that permit otherwise restricted facility access during specified emergency medical or law enforcement activities by exempting them from the funding prohibition in those circumstances. The qualifying activities are emergency medical personnel responding to a medical emergency and law enforcement officers pursuing a suspect or acting as part of an active investigation. This is a circumstance-specific exception directly related to the bill’s main funding policy.
Subsection (a) shall not apply with respect to an entity that permits an individual to access a single-sex facility on the property of such entity that does not correspond to the biological sex of such person in the circumstance of— (1) emergency medical personnel responding to a medical emergency; or (2) a law enforcement officer in active pursuit of a suspect, or as part of an active investigation.
Full text preserved for this analysis. Legislative record snapshot: Apr 28, 2025. How PlainBill uses AI