Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to references to God in the Pledge of Allegiance and on United States coins and currency.

Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution.

Congressional Research Service

Official summary

Version 00 · Introduced in House · Mar 13, 2003

Constitutional Amendment - Declares that a law that prescribes the Pledge of Allegiance or provides for U.S. coins or currency is not a law respecting an establishment of religion because it refers to God in the Pledge or includes a reference to God on coins or currency.

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People & committees

Who introduced it

Rep. Carter, John R. [R-TX-31] · R–TX

Committees

Judiciary Committee

0 cosponsorship records, including any withdrawals

Legislative record

Actions

A procedural vote is different from passage. Passage in one chamber does not establish enactment. Explore the glossary.

May 5, 2003
Referred to the Subcommittee on the Constitution.
Mar 13, 2003
Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Mar 13, 2003
Introduced in House
Mar 13, 2003
Introduced in House

Primary sources

Bill text & related measures

Text links open the official source. We currently store references to these documents.

Introduced in House · Mar 13, 2003 Formatted Text PDF

Related bills identified by Congress.gov

No related bills are listed in this snapshot. This does not establish whether the proposal has appeared in earlier Congresses.

Source last updated: Jan 2, 2025. Consult Congress.gov for the current record.

AI Conversation Starters

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Neutral evidence review

Objective

Analyze H.J.Res.39 as objectively as possible. Explain its main provisions, who would be affected, possible benefits and harms, implementation, exceptions, and uncertainties. Present the strongest arguments for and against it, and identify evidence needed to assess its public impact.

View full prompt & sources

Discuss H.J.Res.39, 108th Congress: Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to references to God in the Pledge of Allegiance and on United States coins and currency.

Official record: https://www.congress.gov/bill/108th-congress/house-joint-resolution/39

Text version to examine: Introduced in House · 2003-03-13.

Official full text: https://www.congress.gov/108/bills/hjres39/BILLS-108hjres39ih.htm

Imported record last updated by the source: 2025-01-02T16:20:31Z. Verify current status and distinguish any later version from the version above.

Read the official text before answering. If you cannot access it, say so and ask me to provide it; do not assume a link means you have read the document. Distinguish proposals from enacted law, cite sources, and separate facts, interpretation, and uncertain predictions. Include counterarguments even when using a particular perspective.

Analyze H.J.Res.39 as objectively as possible. Explain its main provisions, who would be affected, possible benefits and harms, implementation, exceptions, and uncertainties. Present the strongest arguments for and against it, and identify evidence needed to assess its public impact.

Fairness and public impact

Progressive lens

Examine H.J.Res.39 through a progressive lens, focusing on fairness, access, economic inequality, and effects on vulnerable communities. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and distinguish stated goals from demonstrated outcomes.

View full prompt & sources

Discuss H.J.Res.39, 108th Congress: Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to references to God in the Pledge of Allegiance and on United States coins and currency.

Official record: https://www.congress.gov/bill/108th-congress/house-joint-resolution/39

Text version to examine: Introduced in House · 2003-03-13.

Official full text: https://www.congress.gov/108/bills/hjres39/BILLS-108hjres39ih.htm

Imported record last updated by the source: 2025-01-02T16:20:31Z. Verify current status and distinguish any later version from the version above.

Read the official text before answering. If you cannot access it, say so and ask me to provide it; do not assume a link means you have read the document. Distinguish proposals from enacted law, cite sources, and separate facts, interpretation, and uncertain predictions. Include counterarguments even when using a particular perspective.

Examine H.J.Res.39 through a progressive lens, focusing on fairness, access, economic inequality, and effects on vulnerable communities. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and distinguish stated goals from demonstrated outcomes.

Institutions and government scope

Conservative lens

Examine H.J.Res.39 through a conservative lens, focusing on fiscal responsibility, institutional stability, federalism, and the scope of government. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and any provisions that challenge this perspective.

View full prompt & sources

Discuss H.J.Res.39, 108th Congress: Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to references to God in the Pledge of Allegiance and on United States coins and currency.

Official record: https://www.congress.gov/bill/108th-congress/house-joint-resolution/39

Text version to examine: Introduced in House · 2003-03-13.

Official full text: https://www.congress.gov/108/bills/hjres39/BILLS-108hjres39ih.htm

Imported record last updated by the source: 2025-01-02T16:20:31Z. Verify current status and distinguish any later version from the version above.

Read the official text before answering. If you cannot access it, say so and ask me to provide it; do not assume a link means you have read the document. Distinguish proposals from enacted law, cite sources, and separate facts, interpretation, and uncertain predictions. Include counterarguments even when using a particular perspective.

Examine H.J.Res.39 through a conservative lens, focusing on fiscal responsibility, institutional stability, federalism, and the scope of government. Explain potential benefits, costs, and unintended consequences. Consider the strongest counterarguments and any provisions that challenge this perspective.

Individual rights and government power

Liberty lens

Examine H.J.Res.39 through a civil-liberties and limited-government lens. Consider individual rights, privacy, voluntary choice, accountability, and government power. Explain tradeoffs, possible safeguards, and the strongest counterarguments without assuming the proposal is beneficial or harmful.

View full prompt & sources

Discuss H.J.Res.39, 108th Congress: Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to references to God in the Pledge of Allegiance and on United States coins and currency.

Official record: https://www.congress.gov/bill/108th-congress/house-joint-resolution/39

Text version to examine: Introduced in House · 2003-03-13.

Official full text: https://www.congress.gov/108/bills/hjres39/BILLS-108hjres39ih.htm

Imported record last updated by the source: 2025-01-02T16:20:31Z. Verify current status and distinguish any later version from the version above.

Read the official text before answering. If you cannot access it, say so and ask me to provide it; do not assume a link means you have read the document. Distinguish proposals from enacted law, cite sources, and separate facts, interpretation, and uncertain predictions. Include counterarguments even when using a particular perspective.

Examine H.J.Res.39 through a civil-liberties and limited-government lens. Consider individual rights, privacy, voluntary choice, accountability, and government power. Explain tradeoffs, possible safeguards, and the strongest counterarguments without assuming the proposal is beneficial or harmful.