PlainBillCongress, translated.Legislation. Context. Public interest.Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Congressional Research Service
No official summary is available in the imported record yet.
People & committees
Rep. Barr, Andy [R-KY-6] · R–KY
Legislative record
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Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary.
Introduced in House
Introduced in House
Primary sources
Text links open the official source. We also preserved the text version used in the PlainBill explanation below.
Source last updated: May 18, 2026. Consult Congress.gov for the current record.
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Analyze H.J.Res.103 as objectively as possible. Explain its main provisions, who would be affected, possible benefits and harms, implementation, exceptions, and uncertainties. Present the strongest arguments for and against it, and identify evidence needed to assess its public impact.
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PlainBill explanation
Based on the full Introduced in House · 2025-06-30 text. This explanation has not received human editorial review. This overview describes the proposal’s major provisions; it does not establish what its real-world effects would be.
The supplied introduced version proposes a constitutional amendment restricting which people born in the United States can be treated as subject to U.S. jurisdiction—meaning U.S. legal authority—for purposes of the Fourteenth Amendment. At least one parent would have to meet a listed nationality, permanent-residence, or lawful-immigration-status-and-military-service condition. The proposal requires ratification by three-fourths of state legislatures within seven years after submission. These sources do not establish its full effect on citizenship or whether it was subsequently adopted.
That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years after the date of its submission for ratification:
1. For purposes of the fourteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States, a person may be considered to be subject to the jurisdiction of the United States only in accordance with section 2. 2. A person born in the United States may only be considered ‘subject to the jurisdiction of the United States’ if the person is born in the United States of parents, one of whom is— (1) a national of the United States; (2) an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States whose residence is in the United States; or (3) an alien with lawful status under the immigration laws performing active service in the Armed Forces.
Section 1 would make compliance with section 2 necessary for treating someone as subject to U.S. jurisdiction, or legal authority, for purposes of the Fourteenth Amendment. Section 2 addresses people born in the United States and requires a listed parental condition; its wording does not say that meeting a parental condition alone guarantees citizenship.
1. For purposes of the fourteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States, a person may be considered to be subject to the jurisdiction of the United States only in accordance with section 2. 2. A person born in the United States may only be considered ‘subject to the jurisdiction of the United States’ if the person is born in the United States of parents, one of whom is—
A U.S.-born person would meet the proposed parental condition if at least one parent is a U.S. national—a person with U.S. nationality. The proposal does not define that status.
2. A person born in the United States may only be considered ‘subject to the jurisdiction of the United States’ if the person is born in the United States of parents, one of whom is— (1) a national of the United States;
Another qualifying parental status would be a noncitizen legally admitted to live permanently in the United States who also resides in the United States. The proposed rule requires both permanent-resident status and U.S. residence for this option.
if the person is born in the United States of parents, one of whom is— (1) a national of the United States; (2) an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States whose residence is in the United States;
The third qualifying parental status would be a noncitizen with lawful immigration status who is performing active service in the Armed Forces. This option requires both lawful status and active military service.
if the person is born in the United States of parents, one of whom is— (1) a national of the United States; (2) an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States whose residence is in the United States; or (3) an alien with lawful status under the immigration laws performing active service in the Armed Forces.
Congress would have authority to pass legislation implementing the amendment. Section 3 grants that authority without requiring Congress to enact a particular law.
3. Congress shall have the power to carry out this article through appropriate legislation.
The proposal would become part of the Constitution only upon ratification by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states within seven years after submission for ratification. The seven-year period is a ratification deadline, not a time limit on the amendment after adoption.
which shall be valid to all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years after the date of its submission for ratification:
The supplied official-actions snapshot, updated May 18, 2026, records introduction in the House and referral to the House Committee on the Judiciary on June 30, 2025.
Source snapshot updated 2026-05-18T15:54:56Z. 2025-06-30: Referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary. 2025-06-30: Introduced in House
A closer look
Reviewed version: Introduced in House · 2025-06-30. These findings describe provisions and who may benefit; they are not judgments of waste, corruption, or motive.
This review covers the supplied bill text. “None identified” does not rule out provisions in later versions or accompanying reports and disclosures.
Provisions outside the bill’s main subject, or policy changes attached to appropriations.
None identified in the reviewed text
No unrelated rider was identified after reviewing the complete supplied introduced text. This conclusion does not extend to other versions or accompanying materials and does not establish attachment history.
Spending directed to particular recipients or places outside ordinary competitive or formula-based allocation.
None identified in the reviewed text
No earmark was identified after reviewing the complete supplied introduced text. This conclusion does not establish the absence of earmarks in other versions or accompanying materials; formal earmark disclosures and related materials were not supplied.
Narrow exceptions, exemptions, or preferential treatment that warrant a closer look.
Findings to examine
A narrow eligibility pathway within the main policy warrants scrutiny as a targeted benefit. This classification is limited to the supplied introduced text and does not assess its justification.
U.S.-born children of noncitizens with lawful immigration status who are performing active military service would have a separate way to meet the parental condition. Unlike the permanent-resident option, this military-service option does not expressly require the parent to hold permanent-resident status.
2. A person born in the United States may only be considered ‘subject to the jurisdiction of the United States’ if the person is born in the United States of parents, one of whom is— (1) a national of the United States; (2) an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence in the United States whose residence is in the United States; or (3) an alien with lawful status under the immigration laws performing active service in the Armed Forces.
Full text preserved for this analysis. Legislative record snapshot: May 18, 2026. How PlainBill uses AI